Can Cannabis Trigger Psychosis?

While cannabis is a plant that can help individuals in several different conditions, it can also lead to interactions that could be troubling for some with a predisposition for psychosis, typically coming from genetic risk.

The consumption of cannabis products is not for everyone. It’s important to take note of the effects that cannabis, which contains a psychoactive cannabinoid known as Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can have on a person who may be dealing with these types of conditions. There is also a known link between the plant and triggering psychotic symptoms within an individual.

We’ve explored information from experts on the effects of cannabis being able to trigger a state of psychosis. 

What Is Psychosis?

Psychosis is a mental condition that is typically characterized by a disconnection from reality.

The condition can occur as part of a psychiatric illness, such as schizophrenia. In other cases, it can be induced by another health condition, medications, or other drug use. Potential symptoms include:

• Trouble thinking clearly and logically
• Paranoid ideas, suspicion, or uneasiness with others
• Withdrawing socially and spending most time alone
• Decline in self-care or personal hygiene
• Unusual or intense ideas, strange feelings, or a lack of feelings entirely

New Study Explores Risk For Cannabis Interactions

A recent study was conducted at McGill University. It shared how cannabis appears to decrease further nerve connectivity in young adults who either just had their first psychotic episode or are at high risk for psychosis.

The study could start paving the way for earlier interventions and better psychosis treatments to target symptoms being missed by current medications.

The senior author of the study and professor at McGill University, Dr. Romina Mizrahi, shares: “Not every cannabis user will develop psychosis, but for some, the risks are high. Our research helps clarify why.”

Cannabis is a known risk factor for a developing state of psychosis that can progress to schizophrenia. 

This study shows a decrease in nerve cell connections within the brain. This is known as synaptic density and is typically seen among individuals at risk of psychosis compared to a healthy control group. Confirmed cannabis use among these people is now shown to extenuate this process, based on this study’s results.

Brain Scan Study On High-Risk Young Adults

During the study, researchers used advanced methods of brain scanning technology to observe the 50 participants. These individuals were between the ages of 16 and 30 and included psychiatric patients with a new, first-time psychotic episode and also those who were considered to be clinically high-risk.

The researchers shared in a statement, “This study found that synaptic density reductions were present during the early stages of psychosis and its risk states, and associated with negative symptoms,” and added that this type of dysfunction could lead to schizophrenia.

Synaptic density was different between groups and lower in cannabis users. The scans also showed that lower synaptic density is associated with increasing negative (affect) symptoms such as social withdrawal and lack of motivation, which are considered difficult to treat.

Link Between Psychosis And High Levels Of THC

In 2020, a European study found that high-potency cannabis products carry a greater chance of positive-type psychotic symptoms like hallucinations compared to products with lower potency types. They did, however, find less unpleasant symptoms, which contrasts with the findings of this recent study.

Around half of people with cannabis-induced psychosis may develop either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia within 3–4 years. Another issue with high levels of THC is the potential for those who are high-risk or actively have a condition of psychosis to develop cannabis use, further agitating their condition.

When people are exposed to higher THC strengths, they may be more likely to develop cannabis use disorder.

What Is Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder?

This is a condition of psychosis that is triggered by the consumption of cannabis. While it is rare, it is serious for its potential side effects.

Depending on the person, cannabis use may interact negatively with other mental health conditions or medications. Multiple psychiatric conditions can often present issues or concerns for dependent cannabis consumers.

Cannabis-induced psychotic disorders normally involve a history of taking high amounts of THC over time, binging THC concentrates or edibles, or taking synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., K2, spice, etc.). Symptoms may include:

• Delusions or hallucinations
• Paranoia
• Disorganized speech or thoughts
• Aggression
• Usual behavior or movements

Final Thoughts

For individuals who are at high risk for psychosis, understanding the potential links between cannabis and the condition can be critical. Because of THC’s effects on the brain, it’s generally best to avoid THC if you have psychotic symptoms; a known psychotic, bipolar, or major depressive disorder; a strong family history; are under 21, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you are unsure of your level of risk, or if THC makes you feel unsafe or produces these symptoms, stop and consult your doctor right away about your risks and mental health before taking cannabis.

The research we have explored suggests that cannabis, particularly products that are high in THC, can exacerbate nerve connectivity issues for those at risk. Brain studies revealed that the impact on synaptic density shows the importance of informed consumption.

By acknowledging these connections, they can make more informed decisions about their cannabis consumption and prioritize their mental well-being.